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Your audio interface has preamps if it has xlr/1/4'' inputs on the front.
1. Double panning is a must for any sort of rock or metal rhythm guitar. You don't want to just duplicate a track and pan it hard both ways, it will sound phasey and doesn't even achieve the affect.
You should do two separate, extremely tight, takes and pan them hard. You should also use a different amp/guitar for the alternate takes...and if you don't have that option you need to really make an effort to change pickups and mess with the settings on the amp. The more difference between the two the more full of a sound you're going to get. Double tracking with the same settings isn't hardly worth it, and you'll get a fairly narrow sound.
2. Maybe, kind of, not really. Just mic up the amp and tweak it until the recorded sound is close to what you want. I'd highly recommend using a crappy amp to an amp sim though, because those suck dick for distorted tone and will give you fullband distortion & some unworkable sounds...even a dinky solid state amp can be made to sound good if you mic it right.
3. Yes. Sm57 is the standard. It'll work fine.
5. With lead stuff it's all preference...do what sounds right.
You need to sort of mess with this shit to understand why it's a standard to hard pan rhythm guitars...then you'll sort of begin to understand what the point/effect of panning is when you're mixing.
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